Rocksmith 2014 will run fine, just as Steam installs and upgrades it, without any "no-cable patches", if:
1) Use winealsa.drv instead of pulseaudio (I edited the registry for that - Open Crossover, choose the bottle where you installed Rocksmith 2014, "execute command", type "regedit". Find HKEY_CURRENT_USER, Software, Wine, Drivers. Create a new text entry "Audio" and change its value to "alsa").
2) Use a relatively recent version of CrossOver. I have tested 16.0.0 successfully, but any version that uses a wine newer than december/2014 will probably do.
3) Set Win32UltraLowLatencyMode=0 in Rocksmith.ini in the program's directory. In my case it is: /home/user/.cxoffice/Rocksmith Steam/drive_c/Program Files/Steam/steamapps/common/Rocksmith2014/