If the Quicken updated and is now crashing immediately, you can follow these steps to fix your Quicken bottle:
1) Reapply the 17.4 patch. You can do this by right-clicking on your Quicken bottle and selecting Install Software Into Quicken 2016. In the search field start typing Quicken 2016 Mondo Patch and click on it when it appears in the list. Click through to install, and Quicken should be able to launch. If it still doesn't work, try clearing the installer cache in CrossOver's preferences window > Installer Assistant, then repeat the patching process.
2) Install the Microsoft .NET Framework 4.6.2 into the bottle. Use the same method as Step 1 to install the Microsoft .NET Framework 4.6.2 into your Quicken bottle. Quicken 2016 should now be able to update to the latest version without an error. You may have to trigger Quicken to update manually in the Quicken menu -- Go to the "Help" tab in Quicken and click on "Check for Updates."