Same issue here, on linux. There's maybe a second between the copy operation and the crash, probably just because it's preparing the crash report. It's the same whether I copy a single word or a whole page. Saving as PDF doesn't help either.
One thing that does work is "email page" on the share tab of the ribbon. You have to start up (and close) outlook first, but you don't need to set up an email account. Having done that, you can click email page, and an outlook message window will appear containing the text of the current page. You can then copy that text and paste it into other applications. Hardly ideal, but it's the only way I have to extract text from onenote on linux.
I can copy from other applications and paste into onenote without any problem.
Hope this helps!