It'll be hard to start a discussion with the bugmenot account, but I'll still answer 😊
The leaders use some advanced vertex shaders, and there might be a bug in our implementation that generates GL shaders that are accepted by the Nvidia Linux driver, but not by the MacOS ones. It could be a bug in the Mac drivers too, but in this case I think the issue is on our side. You can try to set the registry key HKEY_CURRENT_USER/Software/Wine/Direct3D/UseGLSL to something other than "disabled". This may work around the issue(but provoke others).
The globe view is tricky as well. How does it look? Completely broken, or only partially working? It might work better if you set the globe view detail to lowest, and set your game's resolution to something higher than 512x512. If you set it to medium, the res has to be > 1024x1024, and for high it should be > 2048x2048. There's another registry key involved here, I think it is HKEY_CURRENT_USER/Software/Wine/AppDefaults/Civilization4.exe/Direct3D/OffscreenRenderingMode. Try to set it to "fbo" or "backbuffer" and see which one works better. I think I set it to "fbo" by default, which makes the globe view resolution independent, but might trigger some other bugs in crossover or the driver.